Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection

Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with syncytial virus (RSV) influenza. There are limited therapies for broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) antiviral potential, developing a acid-based was investigated. Molecular docking showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely interact CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, RSV-F, ALA-containing liposome interacted CoV-2 directly, degrading particle. Furthermore, combination ALA SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression significantly reduced viral plaque formation IL-6 IL-1β transcript Calu-3 cells, while increasing IFN-β. A similar effect also observed RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected murine-adapted (MA10) treated ALA–liposome encapsulating acetate significant reductions plaque-forming units present lung tissue infection-associated inflammation cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that liposome-encapsulating can be promising broad therapy against infections.